This is an application of Boyle's law:
P₁V₁ = P₂V₂. we don't have to convert volume and pressure to standard forms. we can even use the pressure with mmHg
1 atm = 760 mmHg
V₂ = P₁V₁ / P₂ = 745 x 500 / 760 = 490 ml
Note that here we assume constant temperature
The lithosphere makes up the layer of the earth.
well when there is more kinetic energy in a solution the higher its temperature is going to be so the more the molecules are able to be help together, the lower the temperature the more difficult it would be to break the molecule apart in order to bond with it.