The gaining of electron by an atom results in the formation of anion shown by the negative charge on the atom whereas lose of electron results in the formation of cation shown by positive charge on the atom. The atom lose or gain electron to complete their octet and get stable in nature.
The chlorine atom will gain an electron and form chloride anion with one negative charge on it. The chloride ion is more stable in nature compared to the chlorine atom due to complete octet of chloride ion by gaining of electron.
Electronic configuration of chlorine atom is:
By gaining of one electron, electronic configuration of chloride ion is:
Thus, the equation that shows the formation of the chloride ion from a neutral chlorine atom is:
Answer:
The substance has a specific heat of 1.176 J/g°C
Explanation:
<u>Step 1: </u>Data given
Temperature change = 34 °C
Mass of the substance = 20 kg = 20000 grams
The substance gained 800 kJ of heat during this temperature change
<u>Step 2:</u> Calculate the specific heat
q = m*c*ΔT
⇒ with q = heat gained = 800 kJ = 800000 J
⇒ with m = the mass of the substance = 20 kg = 20000 grams
⇒ with c = the specific heat of the substance = TO BE DETERMINED
⇒ with ΔT = the change of temperature = T2 -T1 = 48° - 14 ° = 34°
c = q/(m*ΔT)
c = 800000 / (20000 * 34)
c = 1.176 J/g°C
The substance has a specific heat of 1.176 J/g°C
Answer:
a) +640 kJ/mol or +1.06x10⁻¹⁸ J
b) +276 kJ/mol
Explanation:
To dissociate the molecule, the bond must be broken, thus, it's necessary energy equal to the energy of the bond, which can be calculated by:
E = (Q1*Q2)/(4*π*ε*r)
Where Q is the charge of the ions, ε is a constant (8.854x10⁻¹²C²J ⁻¹ m⁻¹), and r is the bond length. Each one of the ions has a charge equal to 1. The elementary charge is 1.602x10⁻¹⁹C, which will be the charge of them.
1 mol has 6.022x10²³ molecules (Avogadros' number), so the energy of 1 mol is the energy of 1 molecule multiplied by it:
E = 6.022x10²³ *(1.602x10⁻¹⁹)²/(4π*8.854x10⁻¹²*2.17x10⁻¹⁰)
E = +640113 J/mol
E = +640 kJ/mol
Or at 1 molecule: E =640/6.022x10²³ = +1.06x10⁻²¹ kJ = +1.06x10⁻¹⁸ J
b) The energy variation to dissociate the molecule at its neutral atoms is the energy of dissociation less the difference of the ionization energy of K and the electron affinity of F (EA):
498 = 640 - (418 - EA)
640 -418 + EA = 498
222 + EA = 498
EA = +276 kJ/mol
For 6.44 x 10^23 atoms:
That amount is 1.07 moles of Cl atoms
multiply the number of moles by the molar mass of Cl which is 35.45
That equals 37.9 grams of Cl. You only use 1 decimal place because there are only 3 significant digits.
Now if it is a text book problem that says chlorine gas, it may be referring to atmospheric Cl gas which is Cl2
In that case, its just 1.07 moles x 70.9 (molar mass of Cl2)
That turns out to be 75.9 g Cl2