Answer:
minimum length of a surface crack is 18.3 mm
Explanation:
Given data
plane strain fracture toughness K = 82.4 MPa m1/2
stress σ = 345 MPa
Y = 1
to find out
the minimum length of a surface crack
solution
we will calculate length by this formula
length = 1/π ( K / σ Y)²
put all value
length = 1/π ( K / σ Y)²
length = 1/π ( 82.4
/ 345× 1)²
length = 18.3 mm
minimum length of a surface crack is 18.3 mm
The second law states that the total entropy can never decrese over time for an isolated system
D=vt use this equation to get the depth of the skull
Answer:
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Answer: The original temperature was

Explanation:
Let's put the information in mathematical form:





If we consider the helium as an ideal gas, we can use the Ideal Gas Law:

were <em>R</em> is the gas constant. And <em>n</em> is the number of moles (which we don't know yet)
From this, taking
, we have:
⇒
Now:
⇒