Last month, we featured IRB best practices (“IRBs: Navigating the Maze” November 2007 Observer), and got the ball rolling with strategies and tips that psychological scientists have found to work. Here, we continue the dissemination effort with the second of three articles by researchers who share their experiences with getting their research through IRB hoops. Jerry Burger from Santa Clara University managed to do the seemingly impossible — he conducted a partial replication of the infamous Milgram experiment. Read on for valuable advice, and look for similar coverage in upcoming Observers. These are the first words I said to Muriel Pearson, producer for ABC News’ Primetime, when she approached me with the idea of replicating Stanley Milgram’s famous obedience studies. Milgram’s work was conducted in the early 1960s before the current system of professional guidelines and IRBs was in place. It is often held up as the prototypic example of why we need policies to protect the welfare of research participants. Milgram’s participants were placed in an emotionally excruciating situation in which an experimenter instructed them to continue administering electric shocks to another individual despite hearing that person’s agonizing screams of protest. The studies ignited a debate about the ethical treatment of participants. And the research became, as I often told my students, the study that can never be replicated. Hope this helps!
One end is sealed to prevent air from disturbing the scale and measures. Therefore, a Mercury Barometer works on the principle of balancing the atmospheric pressure with the volume of mercury present in the device
Answer:
k1 + k2
Explanation:
Spring 1 has spring constant k1
Spring 2 has spring constant k2
After being applied by the same force, it is clearly mentioned that spring are extended by the same amount i.e. extension of spring 1 is equal to extension of spring 2.
x1 = x2
Since the force exerted to each spring might be different, let's assume F1 for spring 1 and F2 for spring 2. Hence the equations of spring constant for both springs are
k1 = F1/x -> F1 =k1*x
k2 = F2/x -> F2 =k2*x
While F = F1 + F2
Substitute equation of F1 and F2 into the equation of sum of forces
F = F1 + F2
F = k1*x + k2*x
= x(k1 + k2)
Note that this is applicable because both spring have the same extension of x (I repeat, EXTENTION, not length of the spring)
Considering the general equation of spring forces (Hooke's Law) F = kx,
The effective spring constant for the system is k1 + k2
Answer:
A
Explanation:
paddling a canoe to make the boat move
Answer:
The highest electric field is experienced by a 2 C charge acted on by a 6 N electric force. Its magnitude is 3 N.
Explanation:
The formula for electric field is given as:
E = F/q
where,
E = Electric field
F = Electric Force
q = Charge Experiencing Force
Now, we apply this formula to all the cases given in question.
A) <u>A 2C charge acted on by a 4 N electric force</u>
F = 4 N
q = 2 C
Therefore,
E = 4 N/2 C = 2 N/C
B) <u>A 3 C charge acted on by a 5 N electric force</u>
F = 5 N
q = 3 C
Therefore,
E = 5 N/3 C = 1.67 N/C
C) <u>A 4 C charge acted on by a 6 N electric force</u>
F = 6 N
q = 4 C
Therefore,
E = 6 N/4 C = 1.5 N/C
D) <u>A 2 C charge acted on by a 6 N electric force</u>
F = 6 N
q = 2 C
Therefore,
E = 6 N/2 C = 3 N/C
E) <u>A 3 C charge acted on by a 3 N electric force</u>
F = 3 N
q = 3 C
Therefore,
E = 3 N/3 C = 1 N/C
F) <u>A 4 C charge acted on by a 2 N electric force</u>
F = 2 N
q = 4 C
Therefore,
E = 2 N/4 C = 0.5 N/C
The highest field is 3 N, which is found in part D.
<u>A 2 C charge acted on by a 6 N electric force</u>
