Answer:
A hot spot is an area on Earth over a mantle plume or an area under the rocky outer layer of Earth, called the crust, where magma is hotter than surrounding magma. The magma plume causes melting and thinning of the rocky crust and widespread volcanic activity.
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N(C)=5,02·10²² atoms
calculation check:
N(C)=(1/12)*6.022*10²³=0.5018*10²³≈5.02·10²²
Answer:
Gases are easily compressed. We can see evidence of this in Table 1 in Thermal Expansion of Solids and Liquids, where you will note that gases have the largest coefficients of volume expansion. The large coefficients mean that gases expand and contract very rapidly with temperature changes. In addition, you will note that most gases expand at the same rate, or have the same β. This raises the question as to why gases should all act in nearly the same way, when liquids and solids have widely varying expansion rates.
The answer lies in the large separation of atoms and molecules in gases, compared to their sizes, as illustrated in Figure 2. Because atoms and molecules have large separations, forces between them can be ignored, except when they collide with each other during collisions. The motion of atoms and molecules (at temperatures well above the boiling temperature) is fast, such that the gas occupies all of the accessible volume and the expansion of gases is rapid. In contrast, in liquids and solids, atoms and molecules are closer together and are quite sensitive to the forces between them.
The organism that would have the most variation in the DNA of its offspring is the cat (Option C). Meiosis is a type of cell division that generates more genetic variability than asexual types of reproduction.
Meiosis is a type of reductional cell division by which a parental cell produces 4 daughter cells (gametes), each containing half of the genetic material.
Animals (e.g., cats) generate gametes by meiosis which fuse during fertilization to produce new offspring.
Both amoeba and bacteria reproduce by a type of asexual reproduction called binary fission. Moreover, yeasts also reproduce asexually by a process called budding and fission.
Both asexual and sexual types of reproduction generate genetic variability by the emergence of new mutations in daughter cells.
Meiosis generates much more genetic variability than asexual types of reproduction due to two different processes:
- Random assortment of chromosomes, which produces new allele combinations.
- Recombination, i.e., by the exchange of genetic material (DNA) between non-sister chromatids during Prophase I.
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<span>294400 cal
The heating of the water will have 3 phases
1. Melting of the ice, the temperature will remain constant at 0 degrees C
2. Heating of water to boiling, the temperature will rise
3. Boiling of water, temperature will remain constant at 100 degrees C
So, let's see how many cal are needed for each phase.
We start with 320 g of ice and 100 g of liquid, both at 0 degrees C. We can ignore the liquid and focus on the ice only. To convert from the solid to the liquid, we need to add the heat of fusion for each gram. So multiply the amount of ice we have by the heat of fusion.
80 cal/g * 320 g = 25600 cal
Now we have 320 g of ice that's been melted into water and the 100 g of water we started with, resulting in 320 + 100 = 420 g of water at 0 degrees C. We need to heat that water to 100 degrees C
420 * 100 = 42000 cal
Finally, we have 420 g of water at the boiling point. We now need to pump in an additional 540 cal/g to boil it all away.
420 g * 540 cal/g = 226800 cal
So the total number of cal used is
25600 cal + 42000 cal + 226800 cal = 294400 cal</span>
