Answer 1: minimum required flow rate of fresh air is 0.57 m^3/ses
Explanation: since the minimum requirement per person is 30 L/sec
Converting to m^3 it becomes
30/1000 = 0.03 m^3/sec
For 19 heavy smoker we will require
19 * 0.03 = 0.57m^3/sec
Answer 2: diameter of the duct will be 0.3m
Explanation: since flow rate is
Q =0.57m^3/sec
Also
Q = AV (continuity equation)
Where A is the duct area and V is the velocity of air flow in m/sec
0.57m^3/sec = A * 8m/sec
A = 0.57/8 = 0.071m^2
Area of the duct is that of a circle
A = 3.142 *(d^2 ÷4)
d^2 = (0.017 * 4)/3.142 = 0.09
d is square root of 0.09
d = 0.3m
Answer with Explanation:
There are various factors that needed to be taken into account while deciding the factor of safety some of which are summarized below as:
1) Importance of the structure: When we design any structure different structures have different importance in our society. Take an example of hospital, in case a natural disaster struck's a place the hospital should be the designed to withstand the disaster as it's role in the crisis management following a disaster is well understood. Thus while designing it we need it to have a higher factor of safety against failure when compared to a local building.
2) Errors involved in estimation of strength of materials: when we design any component of any machine or a structure we need to have an exact idea of the behavior of the material and know the value of the strength of the material. But many materials that we use in structure such as concrete in buildings have a very complex behavior and we cannot estimate the strength of the concrete absolutely, thus we tend to decrease the strength of the concrete more if errors involved in the estimation of strength are more to give much safety to the structure.
3) Variability of the loads that may act on the structure: If the loads that act on the structure are highly variable such as earthquake loads amd dynamic loads then we tend to increase the factor of safety while estimating the loads on the structure while designing it.
4) Economic consideration: If our project has abundant funds then we can choose a higher factor of safety while designing the project.
Answer:
(a) maximum positive reaction at A = 64.0 k
(b) maximum positive shear at A = 32.0 k
(c) maximum negative moment at C = -540 k·ft
Explanation:
Given;
dead load Gk = 400 lb/ft
live load Qk = 2 k/ft
concentrated live load Pk =8 k
(a) from the influence line for vertical reaction at A, the maximum positive reaction is
= 2*(8) +(1/2(20 - 0)* (2))*(2 + 0.4) = 64 k
See attachment for the calculations of (b) & (c) including the influence line
Answer:
a. 130.73 atm
b. 102.62 atm
c. 87.1 atm
Explanation:
See the attached pictures.
