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4 years ago

Please help! Which halogen has the strongest IMF and why?

Chemistry

1 answer:

Maksim231197 [3]4 years ago

8 0

Answer:

The larger the species, the further away from the nucleus the outer electrons are and hence the less strongly they are held. This means the bigger atoms will be more polarizable. So, the order from biggest-smallest molecules (strongest to weakest IMF) is iodine, bromine and finally chlorine.

Explanation:

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The electronegativity values of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen are compared in the table.

Fofino [41]

Answer:

C. CH₄ is less than NH₃ because the NH bond is more polar than the CH bond

Explanation:

The intermolecular forces between ammonia is far stronger than for methane. Between the molecules of ammonia we have the presence of hydrogen bonds. This bond is absent in methane.

Hydrogen bonds are one of the strongest intermolecular forces. It is as a result of the electrostatic attraction between the hydrogen atom of one molecule and the electronegative atom N, O and F of another molecule.

This strong interaction is absent in methane which has just dipole - dipole attraction.

The strength of the hydrogen bond depends on the electronegativity of the combining atoms.

5 0

3 years ago

Question 1: Which of the following statement is false about conjugated systems?

valkas [14]

Answer:

A conjugated system can only contain two alkenes: False

B. A cumulated diene is less stable than an isolated diene.

False

Explanation:

A. A conjugated system is more stable than an unconjugated system.: True

Due to resonance a conjugated system is more stable.

B. The s-trans isomer is favored over the s-cis isomer.: True

Due to repulsion in s-cis isomer they are less stable.

C. A conjugated system has multiple resonance structures. True

This is the reason they are stable.

D. A conjugated system can only contain two alkenes: False

A conjugated system may have may alternate double and triple bonds.

2) A trans alkene releases less heat upon hydrogenation than a cis alkene.

True

Trans alkenes are more stable than cis alkene. Thus heat of hydrogenation of trans alkene is less than cis alkene.

B. A cumulated diene is less stable than an isolated diene.

False

C. Multiple products can always form when treated a conjugated diene with HBr. True

There can be 1,2 or 1,4 addition

D. Conjugated systems arise only between sp2-hybridized atoms.

True

Conjugation allows resonance which is possible in sp2 systems

E. Conjugated double bonds involve unhybridized p-orbitals aligned with each other

True

The double bond is formed as pi bond due to side ways overlapping of unhybridized p orbitals

8 0

3 years ago

Nitric oxide reacts with chlorine to form nocl. the data refer to 298 k. 2no(g) + cl2(g) → 2nocl(g) substance: no(g) cl2(g) nocl

tigry1 [53]

Answer:

- 10.555 kJ/mol.

Explanation:

∵ ∆G°rxn = ∆H°rxn - T∆S°rxn.

Where, ∆G°rxn is the standard free energy change of the reaction (J/mol).

∆H°rxn is the standard enthalpy change of the reaction (J/mol).

T is the temperature of the reaction (K).

∆S°rxn is the standard entorpy change of the reaction (J/mol.K).

Calculating ∆H°rxn:

∵ ∆H°rxn = ∑∆H°products - ∑∆H°reactants

∴ ∆H°rxn = (2 x ∆H°f NOCl) - (1 x ∆H°f Cl₂) - (2 x ∆H°f NO) = (2 x 51.71 kJ/mol) - (1 x 0) - (2 x 90.29 kJ/mol) = - 77.16 kJ/mol.

Calculating ∆S°rxn:

∵ ∆S°rxn = ∑∆S°products - ∑∆S°reactants

∴ ∆S°rxn = (2 x ∆S° NOCl) - (1 x ∆S° Cl₂) - (2 x ∆S° NO) = (2 x 261.6 J/mol.K) - (1 x 223.0 J/mol.K) - (2 x 210.65 J/mol.K) = - 121.1 J/mol.K. = - 0.1211 kJ/mol.K.

Calculating ∆G°rxn:

∵ ∆G°rxn = ∆H°rxn - T∆S°rxn.

∴ ∆G°rxn = ∆H°rxn - T∆S°rxn = (- 77.16 kJ/mol) - (550 K)(- 0.1211 kJ/mol.K) = - 10.555 kJ/mol.

4 0

3 years ago

Sodium tert-butoxide (NaOC(CH3)3) is classified as bulky and acts as Bronsted Lowry base in the reaction. It is reacted with 2-c

IceJOKER [234]

Answer:but-1-ene

Explanation:This is an E2 elimination reaction .

Kindly refer the attachment for complete reaction and products.

Sodium tert-butoxide is a bulky base and hence cannot approach the substrate 2-chlorobutane from the more substituted end and hence major product formed here would not be following zaitsev rule of elimination reaction.

Sodium tert-butoxide would approach from the less hindered side that is through the primary centre and hence would lead to the formation of 1-butene .The major product formed in this reaction would be 1-butene .

As the mechanism of the reaction is E-2 so it will be a concerted mechanism and as sodium tert-butoxide will start abstracting the primary hydrogen through the less hindered side simultaneously chlorine will start leaving. As the steric repulsion in this case is less hence the transition state is relatively stabilised and leads to the formation of a kinetic product 1-butene.

Kinetic product are formed when reactions are dependent upon rate and not on thermodynamical stability.

2-butene is more thermodynamically6 stable as compared to 1-butene

The major product formed does not follow the zaitsev rule of forming a more substituted alkene as sodium tert-butoxide cannot approach to abstract the secondary proton due to steric hindrance.

5 0

4 years ago

What is the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration of a solution of pH 8?

fgiga [73]

Answer:

10−8 M.

Explanation:

In this problem we are given pH and asked to solve for the hydrogen ion concentration. Using the equation, pH = − log [H+] , we can solve for [H+] as,

− pH = log [H+] ,

[H+] = 10−pH,

by exponentiating both sides with base 10 to "undo" the common logarithm. The hydrogen ion concentration of blood with pH 7.4 is,

[H+] = 10−7.4 ≈ 0.0000040 = 4.0 × In this problem we are given pH and asked to solve for the hydrogen ion concentration. Using the equation, pH = − log [H+] , we can solve for [H+] as,

− pH = log [H+] ,

[H+] = 10−pH,

by exponentiating both sides with base 10 to "undo" the common logarithm. The hydrogen ion concentration of blood with pH 7.4 is,

[H+] = 10−7.4 ≈ 0.0000040 = 4.0 × 10−8 M.

3 0

3 years ago

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Please help! Which halogen has the strongest IMF and why? ​

Please help! Which halogen has the strongest IMF and why?