Question

Photosynthesis was another biological phenomenon that occupied the attention of the chemists of the late 18th century. The demonstration, through the combined work of Joseph Priestley, Jan Ingenhousz, and Jean Senebier, that photosynthesis is essentially the reverse of respiration was a milestone in the development of biochemical thought.

Answer 1

Answer:

In the 1770s, the English clergyman Joseph Priestley (who is credited with the discovery of O2) established the production of oxygen by vegetables recognizing that the process was, apparently, the inverse of animal respiration, which consumed such chemical element.

Explanation:

In 1772, Joseph Priestley in his Recherches sur diversces especes d'air differentiated the air of animal respiration from that emitted by vegetables in the presence of light. Of the latter, which he called "dephlogistic air", he highlighted his purifying property of the environment indicating that: plants far from affecting the air in the same way as animal respiration, produce the opposite effects, and tend to preserve the sweet and healthy atmosphere , when it becomes harmful as a result of the life and breathing of the animals or their death and their rot.

In 1780, Jean Ingeshousz in his Experiences sur les vegetaux completed and reaffirmed the observations of Joseph Priestley. At the same time, he could deny Charles Bonnet's hypothesis, by demonstrating that the air expelled from the leaves comes from inside, and that the stimulating factor of the gaseous emission was not the heat produced by the sun, but the intensity of the light .

It was, finally, Jean Senebier that between 1782 and 1784, found that the "fixed air" dissolved in the water favors the vegetation. From these observations, he hypothesized that "fixed air" (carbon dioxide) is absorbed by the plants, which take it from the atmosphere with the humidity it has and in which it is mixed. Once this gas has been captured, both from the atmosphere and from the ground, it is decomposed in the presence of light by the leaves, releasing the "vital air" (oxygen) and leaving the carbon in the plant.

Thus, at the end of the century the participation of the atmosphere in plant dynamics was already seated, although the how and why of this participation were still unknown and no theory had been formulated to explain the nutritional process as a whole.