Answer:
Speed of the ball relative to the boys: 25 km/h
Speed of the ball relative to a stationary observer: 35 km/h
Explanation:
The RV is travelling at a velocity of

Here we have taken the direction of motion of the RV as positive direction.
The boy sitting near the driver throws the ball back with speed of 25 km/h, so the velocity of the ball in the reference frame of the RV is

with negative sign since it is travelling in the opposite direction relative to the RV. Therefore, this is the velocity measured by every observer in the reference frame of the RV: so the speed measured by the boys is
v = 25 km/h
Instead, a stationary observer outside the RV measures a velocity of the ball given by the algebraic sum of the two velocities:
v = +60 km/h + (-25 km/h) = +35 km/h
So, he/she measures a speed of 35 km/h.
A single fixed pulley can be used to raise or lower lightweight objects.
Option b
<u>Explanation:</u>
A pulley is a simple machine tool which is used to make lifting or lowering tasks easy. A single fixed pulley is a system involving only one pulley fixed on a constant rigid support with a rope wrapped around the wheel. Such a system can be used only to change the direction of applied force in raising or lowering small, lightweight objects which need minimal work force.
A single fixed pulley system helps only in redirecting the applied force direction by using a rope and wheel assembly. The work done in such a case remains the same and hence it is not preferred to use it in lifting heavy objects. Neither is the required force reduced in case of a single fixed pulley system. A movable pulley helps in achieving (A) and (C).
The answer of question 1 is:
C. The gravitational force becomes 16 times less.
The answer of question 2 is:
A. The gravitational force is 12 times larger.
The answer of question 3 is :
A. The new gravitational force is 9 times stronger than the old one.
The answer of question 4 is:
D. 8 times more.
A = 1*100 = 100 Ns
b = 10 * 12 = 120 Ns
c = 0.5*1000 = 500 Ns
d = 100 * 2 = 200 Ns
a has least momentum