Gain or lose.
The exchange of electrons in chemical bonding seeks to fulfill the octet rule. There are some exceptions, such as with hydrogen and helium, whose valence shells have a capacity of two electrons.
The factors that affect the rate of a reaction are:
- <em>nature of the reactant</em> - when reactants with different chemical composition are exposed to same conditions they would react differently. For instance, when an acid or base is added on litmus paper, blue litmus paper turns red in presence of acid while red litmus paper turns blue when base is added.
- <em>surface area</em>- a compound with small pieces spread over a large area will react faster than a big lump of a compound occupying a small area.
- <em>temperature of reaction</em>- reactants would react faster at high temperatures. this is because they have higher kinetic energy to collide with each other. Hence a plate of food on the table spoils faster than a plate of food in the fridge.
- <em>concentration</em>- an increase in concentration leads to more molecules available to collide and form products. An example, when you add more of indicator in a solution, the color becomes more clear since more particles react to give more color.
- <em>presence of a catalyst</em>- a catalyst lowers the activation energy, which means less energy is required to shift reaction in forward direction. In the presence of iron (Fe) a catalyst, nitrogen N₂ and hydrogen H₂ react to produce NH₃
Answer : For the experiment to study the diffusion across the semi permeable membrane, following are the safety steps that will help to handle chemicals safety;
- Use droppers to transfer small amounts of chemicals into another glassware, it will prevent the unnecessary spillage of the chemical.
- Use tongs to move hot objects as they may cause severe burns.
- Check the test tubes for chips prior to using them otherwise it may leak the chemical inside it
- Washing your hands after you finishing the lab experiment, this will ensure that food is not contaminated while consuming, with the chemicals that were stuck on the hands.
Answer:
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, by using the ideal gas equation, we first compute the moles of oxygen at the given volume, pressure and temperature:
Then, since molar mass of gaseous oxygen is 32 g/mol, we compute the contained mass in grams as shown below:
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