Blank 1: polar
The difference in electronegativity between N and H causes electrons to preferentially orbit N, making the bond polar.
Blank 2: trigonal pyramidal
There are four “things” attached to N - 3 H’s and 1 lone pair of electrons. The four things together are arranged into a tetrahedral formation. However, the lone pairs don’t actually contribute to the shape of the molecule per se; it’s only the actual atoms that do. The lone pair creates a bit of repulsion that pushes the 3 H’s down, creating a trigonal pyramidal shape (as opposed to a trigonal planar one).
Blank 3: polar
The molecule as a whole is also polar because the “things” around it, though arranged in a tetrahedral pattern, are not all the same. The side of the molecule with the lone pair is slightly negative, while the side with the 3 H’s is slightly positive due to the differences in electronegativity described above.
An increase in kinetic energy corresponds to an increase in temperature. Out of boiling, condensation, freezing, and precipitation, boiling is the only one that indicates an increase in temperature.
Here, we use the mole as we would use any other collective number: a dozen eggs; a Bakers' dozen; a Botany Bay dozen.
Of course, the mole specifies a much larger quantity, and if I have a mole of stuff then I have
6.022
×
10
23
individual items of that stuff. We can also specify an equivalent mass, because we also know the mass of a mole of iron, and a mole of oxygen etc........The mole is thus the link between the macro world of grams and kilograms and litres, that which we can measure out in the lab, to the micro world of atoms, and molecules, that which we can perceive only indirectly.
Here we have the formula unit
F
e
2
(
S
O
4
)
3
. If there is a mole of formula units, there are necessarily 2 moles of iron atoms, 3 sulfate ions,.......etc.
