Saturated hydrocarbons are defined as the hydrocarbons in which a single bond is present between carbon and carbon atoms. The general formula for these hydrocarbons is and are called as alkanes.
Unsaturated hydrocarbons are defined as the hydrocarbons which have double or triple covalent C-C bonds. They are known as alkenes and alkynes respectively. The general formula for these hydrocarbons is and respectively.
The relative massive alpha particles could go through the gold foil without being deviated of their trajectory or only small deviations due to the uniformity distribution positive charge of the protons.
Here you are looking on the Free Body diagram of a net force of 0N in both the x and y-directions. the only ones that has that condition met is A and C.
The pH is the negative logarithm of the concentration of H+ ions. If the concentration is 2×10-¹² the the pH will be -log(2×10-¹²) which is 11.698 which can be round up to 11.7.
