Is neon element a metal nonmetal or metalloid
1 answer:
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Answer:
The ionization equation is
⇄
(1)
Explanation:
The ionization equation is
⇄
(1)
As the Bronsted definition sais, an acid is a substance with the ability to give protons thus, H2PO4 is the acid and HPO42- is the conjugate base.
The Ka expression is the ratio between the concentration of products and reactants of the equilibrium reaction so,
The pKa is
The pKa of H2CO3 is 6,35, thus this a stronger acid than H2PO4. The higher the pKa of an acid greater the capacity to donate protons.
In the body H2CO3 is a more optimal buffer for regulating pH due to the combination of the two acid-base equilibriums and the two pKa.
If the urine is acidified, according to Le Chatlier's Principle the equilibrium (1) moves to the left neutralizing the excess proton concentration.
Answer:
The amount of energy required to transport hydrogen ions from a cell into the stomach is 37.26KJ/mol.
Explanation:
The free change for the process can be written in terms of its equilibrium constant as:
ΔG° =
where:
R= universal gas constant
T= temperature
= equilibrum constant for the process
Similarly, free energy change and cell potentia; are related to each other as follows;
ΔG= -nFE°
from above;
F = faraday's constant
n = number of electrons exchanged in the process; and
E = standard cell potential
∴ The amount of energy required for transport of hydrogen ions from a cell into stomach lumen can be calculated as:
ΔG° =
where;
[texK_eq[/tex]=
For transport of ions to an internal pH of 7.4, the transport taking place can be given as:
⇒
Equilibrum constant for the transport is given as:
= 10⁻⁷⁴
=3.98 * 10⁻⁸M
= 10⁻²¹
=7.94 * 10⁻³M
Hence;
=
= 5.012 × 10⁻⁶
Furthermore, free energy change for this reaction is related to the equilibrium concentration given as:
ΔG° =
If temperature T= 37° C ; in kelvin
=37° C + 273.15K
=310.15K; and
R-= 8.314 j/mol/k
substituting the values into the equation we have;
ΔG₁ =
= 31467.93Jmol⁻¹
≅ 31.47KJmol⁻¹
If the potential difference across the cell membrane= 60.0mV.
Energy required to cross the cell membrane will be:
ΔG₂ =
ΔG₂ =
= 5.79KJ
Therefore, for one mole of electron transfer across the membrane; the energy required is 5.79KJmol⁻¹
Now, we can calculate the total amount of energyy required to transport H⁺ ions across the membrane:
Δ
= (31.47+5.79) KJmol⁻¹
= 37.26KJmol⁻¹
We can therefore conclude that;
The amount of energy required to transport ions from cell to stomach lumen is 37.26KJmol⁻¹