climate
Changes in the composition of the atmosphere have caused gradual changes in earth's <u>climate</u> throughout history, causing changes in plant and animal life that contributed to mass extinctions.
The following are some of the reasons:
- UV light
- climate
- pollutants
- hydrofluorocarbons
heat
- The surface of the Earth warms up as sunlight strikes it.
- Surface-emitted infrared light is absorbed in the atmosphere and transformed into heat.
- The temperature close to the surface rises as a result of this heat being trapped in the atmosphere.
<h3>UV light:</h3>
- indirect impacts of climate change on UV radiation from the surface.
- By changing the concentrations of ozone, UV-absorbing tropospheric gases, aerosols, and clouds in the atmosphere, climate change may have indirectly affected UV radiation levels in the past.
- These influences are probably going to persist in the future.
<h3>climate:</h3>
- People are at risk from food and water shortages, greater flooding, high heat, an increase in disease, and economic loss due to climate change.
- Conflict and human migration are potential outcomes.
- Climate change is the top hazard to world health in the twenty-first century, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).
<h3>pollutants:</h3>
- these are also resulting in the increase of temperature of the Earth and is also damaging ozone layer.
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In a physical change the appearance or form of the matter changes but the kind of matter in the substance does not. However in a chemical change, the kind of matter changes and at least one new substance with new properties is formed. Hope this helps!
<u>Answer:</u> The reaction proceeds in the forward direction
<u>Explanation:</u>
For the given chemical equation:
Relation of 
is given by the formula:
where,
= equilibrium constant in terms of partial pressure = ?
= equilibrium constant in terms of concentration = 
R = Gas constant = 
T = temperature = ![35^oC=[35+273]K=308K](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=35%5EoC%3D%5B35%2B273%5DK%3D308K)
= change in number of moles of gas particles = 
Putting values in above equation, we get:
is the constant of a certain reaction at equilibrium while 
is the quotient of activities of products and reactants at any stage other than equilibrium of a reaction.
The expression of for above equation follows:
We are given:
Putting values in above equation, we get:
We are given:
There are 3 conditions:
- When
; the reaction is product favored. - When
; the reaction is reactant favored. - When
; the reaction is in equilibrium
As, 
, the reaction will be favoring product side.
Hence, the reaction proceeds in the forward direction
Here, we are required to determine the volume of the earth which is 1.08326 × 10¹² km³ in liters.
<em>The volume of the earth is approximately</em>,
, 1.08326 × 10²⁴ liters
By conversion factors;
- <em>1dm³ = 1liter</em>
- However; <em>1km = 10000dm = 10⁴ </em><em>dm</em>
- Therefore, 1km³ = (10⁴)³ dm³.
Consequently, 1km³ = 10¹²dm³ = 10¹²liters.
The conversion factor from 1km³ to liters is therefore, c.f = 10¹²liters/km³
Therefore, the volume of the earth which is approximately, 1.08326 × 10¹² km³ can be expressed in liters as;
<em>1.08326 × 10¹² km³ × 10¹²liters/km³ </em>
The volume of the earth is approximately,
1.08326 × 10²⁴ liters.
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Elements that are usually shiny and good conductors of heat and electricity are metals.
<h3>What are conductors?</h3>
The conductors are the metal or non metal elements which allow heat and electricity to easily pass through them.
Metals are elements with good conductivity of electric current and heat. Metals have lustre characteristics. They are shiny and bendable just like copper wire, which is a metal.
Hence, elements that are usually shiny and good conductors of heat and electricity are metals.
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