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Vinil7 [7]
3 years ago
15

Calculate the number of moles of Cl2 produced at equilibrium when 3.98 mol of PCl5 is heated at 283.9 deg celsius in a vessel ha

ving a capacity of 10.0L. At 283.9, K = 0.060 for this dissociation.
Chemistry
1 answer:
ddd [48]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

1.274 moles

Explanation:

The equation for the reaction can be represented as follows:

                       PCl_5(g)           ⇄       PCl_3(g)     +         Cl_2(g)

K = 0.060

K = \frac{[PCl_3][Cl_2]}{[PCl_5]}

Concentration of   PCl_5(g)  = \frac{numbers of moles}{volume}

Concentration of   PCl_5(g)  = \frac{3.98}{10.0}

Concentration of   PCl_5(g)  = 0.398 moles

If we construct an ICE table for the above equation; we have:

                       PCl_5(g)           ⇄       PCl_3(g)     +         Cl_2(g)

Initial                0.398                          0                          0

Change            - x                               + x                        + x

Equilibrium    (0.398 - x)                      x                          x

K = \frac{[PCl_3][Cl_2]}{[PCl_5]}

K = \frac{[x][x]}{[0.398-x]}

K = \frac{x^2}{0.398-x}

0.060 = \frac{x^2}{0.398-x}

0.06(0.398-x) = x²

0.02388 - 0.060x = x²

x² + 0.060x - 0.02388 = 0               (quadratic equation)

a = 1;       b= 0.06;      c= -0.02388

Using quadratic formula;

=  \frac{-b+/-\sqrt{b^2-4ac} }{2a}

= \frac{-0.06+/-\sqrt{(0.06)^2-4(1)(-0.02388)} }{(2*1)}

= \frac{-0.060+/-\sqrt{0.0036+0.09552} }{2}

= \frac{-0.06+/-\sqrt{0.09912} }{2}

= \frac{-0.06+/-0.3148}{2}

= \frac{-0.060+0.3148}{2}   or \frac{-0.060-0.3148}{2}

= \frac{0.2548}{2}  or \frac{-0.3748}{2}

= 0.1274 or -0.1874

We go by the positive value which says:

[x] = 0.1274 M

number of moles = 0.1274 × 10.0

= 1.274 moles

∴ the number of moles  of Cl₂ produced at equilibrium = 1.274 moles

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<h3>Explanation</h3>

(\text{CH}_3)_3\text{N} in this question acts as a weak base. As seen in the equation in the question, (\text{CH}_3)_3\text{N} produces \text{OH}^{-} rather than \text{H}^{+} when it dissolves in water. The concentration of \text{OH}^{-} will likely be more useful than that of \text{H}^{+} for the calculations here.

Finding the value of [\text{OH}^{-}] from pH:

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Solve for [(\text{CH}_3)_3\text{N}]_\text{initial}:

\dfrac{[\text{OH}^{-}]_\text{equilibrium}\cdot[(\text{CH}_3)_3\text{NH}^{+}]_\text{equilibrium}}{[(\text{CH}_3)_3\text{N}]_\text{equilibrium}} = \text{K}_b = 1.58\times 10^{-3}

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[(\text{CH}_3)_3\text{N}]_\text{initial} = [(\text{CH}_3)_3\text{N}]_\text{final}.

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