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leonid [27]
3 years ago
6

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the main energy currency used in cells. ATP hydrolysis is coupled with unfavorable reactions, ma

king the net change in energy for the set of reactions less than 0, which is favorable. Although ATP is the main energy currency, other molecules can fulfill this role and take part in coupled reactions. Determine whether each of the phrases or examples describes a thioester, reduced cofactor, or phosphorylated compound.Acetyl COA, Ubiquinol, Phosphocreatine, the Sulfur-Carbon bond is hydrolyzed, These compounds yield H2P04- upon hydrolysis, These compounds accept e- during the oxidation of substrates and energy is released when they are oxidized. Please sort those phrases under "thioester," "reduced cofactor," or "phosphorylated compound," and explain why for each choice!
Chemistry
1 answer:
kotegsom [21]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

<em>Thioesters- the Sulfur-Carbon bond is hydrolyzed, e.g. AcetylCoA</em>

<em>Reduced cofactor- These compounds accept electrons during the oxidation of substrates and energy is released when they are oxidized, e.g. Ubiquinol</em>

<em>Phosphorylated compounds- These compounds yield H₂P0₄⁻ upon hydrolysis, e.g. Phosphocreatine</em>

Explanation:

<em>Thioesters</em><em> are esters in which the linking oxygen atom is replaced by a sulphur atom. </em>They are the product of esterification between a carboxylic acid and a sulfhydryl group (thiol). They have the functional group R–S–CO–R'. Thioesters are common intermediates in many biosynthetic reactions. Examples include malonyl-CoA, acetyl-CoA, and propionyl-CoA. <em>In the hydrolysis of thioesters, the sulfur-carbon bond is hydrolyzed.</em>

<em>Cofactors</em><em> can be either organic or inorganic molecules that are required by enzymes to function. Cofactors can be oxidized or reduced for the enzymes to catalyze the reactions.</em>  Examples include, NAD, FAD, NADP, <em>Coenzyme Q₁₀.</em> Coenzyme Q₁₀ exists in three redox states, fully oxidized, partially reduced, and fully reduced. Ubiquinol is the reduced (electron-rich) form of coenzyme Q₁₀. Coenzyme Q₁₀ is vital for proper transfer of electrons within the mitochondrial oxidative respiratory chain, whose main function is to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP). <em>These compounds accept electrons during the oxidation of substrates and energy is released when they are oxidized. </em>

Phosphorylated compounds are compounds with a phosphoryl group (PO₃²⁻) attached to its molecules. <em>These compounds yield an inorganic phosphate (H₂P0₄⁻) upon hydrolysis</em>. Phosphorylation is especially important for protein function as this modification activates or deactivates almost half of the enzymes, thereby regulating their function. Examples include, glucose-1-phosphate, phosphoserine, phosphocreatine, etc.

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An ionic bond occurs between what particles
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In an ion with an unknown charge, the total mass of all the electrons was determined to be 2.19 ✕ 10−26 g, while the total mass
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Answer:

\large \boxed{\text{Fe$^{{2+}}$}}

Explanation:

1. Number of electrons

\text{Number of electrons} = 2.19 \times 10^{-26}\text{ g} \times \dfrac{\text{1 electron}}{9.109 \times 10^{-28}\text{ g}} = \text{24 electrons}

2. Number of protons

\text{Number of protons} = 4.34 \times 10^{-23}\text{ g} \times \dfrac{\text{1 proton}}{1.673 \times 10^{-24}\text{ g}} = \text{26 protons}

3. Identify the ion

An atom with 26 protons is iron, Fe.

A neutral atom of iron would have 26 electrons.

The ion has only 24 electrons, so it has lost two. The ion must have a charge of +2.

\text{The symbol for the ion is $\large \boxed{\textbf{Fe$^{\mathbf{2+}}$}}$}

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3 years ago
William measures a test tube and finds that the mass of the test tube is 5g. He places the lone reactant in the test tube and fi
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86 percent is the percent yield for this experiment if he expected to produce 5g of product.

Explanation:

Given that:

mass of test tube = 5 grams

mass of test tube + reactant is 12.5 grams

mass of reactant = ( mass of test tube + reactant ) - (mass of test tube)

mass of reactant = 12.5 -5

                             = 7.5 grams

when 7.5 grams of reactant is heated mass of test tube was found to be 9.3 grams.

so mass of product formed = 9.3 - 5

                                             = 4. 3 grams of product is formed (actual yield)

However, he expected the product to be 5 grams (theoretical yield)

Percent yield = \frac{actual yield}{theoretical yield} x 100

          putting the values in the formula:

percent yield = \frac{4.3}{5} x 100

                     = 86 %

86 percent is the percent yield.

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3 years ago
Ricky and Shemane, who are stoked to be learning stoich, were working diligently on a chemistry assignment in class. Ricky reali
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A certain compound contains 4.0 g of calcium and 7.1 g of chlorine. Its relative molecular mass is 111. Find its empirical and m
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Given :

A certain compound contains 4.0 g of calcium and 7.1 g of chlorine.

Its relative molecular mass is 111.

To Find :

Its empirical and molecular formulas.

Solution :

Moles of calcium , n_1=\dfrac{4}{40}=0.1\ moles.

Moles of chlorine , n_2=\dfrac{7.1}{35.45}=0.2\ moles .

The ratio calcium and chlorine is 1 : 2 .

So , the empirical formula is CaCl_2 .

Now , molecular mass of CaCl_2 is :

M=40+(2\times 35.45)\\\\M=110.9\ g

So , n=\dfrac{111}{110.9} \approx1

Therefore , the molecular formula is also CaCl_2 .

Hence , this is the required solution .

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