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Leviafan [203]
3 years ago
14

What differentiates the master builder approach prior to the Renaissance from later approaches? Projects do not depend on indivi

dual knowledge but leverage the total knowledge of the team. The engineering and construction roles dominated projects because architectural designs were so simple. The architect and engineer roles are clearly separated into separate project phases. Knowledge is confined to particular individuals and not shared or formalized into a recognizable set of standards.
Engineering
1 answer:
mr Goodwill [35]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

Design-Build, though not new as a delivery method for building projects, appears to be on the rise. Traditionally known as the Master-Builder method, it is a means of building where one party holds responsibility for both the design and the construction. The Master-Builder method was the only method before the now ubiquitous design-bid-build project structure. The Romans for example, famous for their roads, aqueducts, and amphitheaters, did not design a project, bid it out to subcontractors, and then select the low bidder to build it, but rather designed and built structures in a collaborative, somewhat simultaneous fashion. In building a house for a client during Colonial times, one party, such as a master carpenter, was responsible for delivering the general layout and exterior details, selecting structural members, and completing construction. In this way, the carpenter acted as the architect, engineer, and builder simultaneously. The concept of design, bid, and build arose out of the natural specialization of the architect, engineer, and builder in the post-1850s world, where modern structural engineering was born and separated from architecture, and architects and builders fully separated as distinct and separate entities.

Explanation:

google

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4 years ago
Which of the following tools might civil engineers use when designing roads in a recently constructed industrial park?
Dmitry [639]

Answer:D. Gunter's Chain

Explanation:I know this because a gunter's chain is used for plots of land to be accurately surveyed and plotted, for legal and commercial purposes.

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4 years ago
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Determine the nature of the following cycle (reversible, irreversible, or impossible): a refrigeration cycle draws heat from a c
vlabodo [156]

Answer:

Impossible.

Explanation:

The ideal Coefficient of Performance is:

COP_{i} = \frac{250\,K}{300\,K-250\,K}

COP_{i} = 5

The real Coefficient of Performance is:

COP_{r} = \frac{950\,kJ-70\,kJ}{70\,kJ}

COP_{r} = 12.571

Which leads to an absurds, since the real Coefficient of Performance must be equal to or lesser than ideal Coefficient of Performance. Then, the cycle is impossible, since it violates the Second Law of Thermodynamics.

6 0
3 years ago
A tensile test was operated to test some important mechanical properties. The specimen has a gage length = 1.8 in and diameter =
oee [108]

Answer:

a) 60000 psi

b) 1.11*10^6 psi

c) 112000 psi

d) 30.5%

e) 30%

Explanation:

The yield strength is the load applied when yielding behind divided by the section.

yield strength = Fyield / A

A = π/4 * D^2

A = 0.5 in^2

ys = Fy * A

y2 = 30000 * 0.5 = 60000 psi

The modulus of elasticity (E) is a material property that is related to the object property of stiffness (k).

k = E * L0 / A

And the stiffness is related to change of length:

Δx = F / k

Then:

Δx = F * A / (E * L0)

E = F * A / (Δx * L0)

When yielding began (approximately the end of the proportional peroid) the force was of 30000 lb and the change of length was

Δx = L - L0 = 1.8075 - 1.8 = 0.0075

Then:

E = 30000 * 0.5 / (0.0075 * 1.8) = 1.11*10^6 psi

Tensile strength is the strees at which the material breaks.

The maximum load was 56050 lb, so:

ts = 56050 / 0.5 = 112000 psi

The percent elongation is calculated as:

e = 100 * (L / L0)

e = 100 * (2.35 / 1.8 - 1) = 30.5 %

If it necked with and area of 0.35 in^2 the precent reduction in area was:

100 * (1 - A / A0)

100 * (1 - 0.35 / 0.5) = 30%

5 0
3 years ago
A circular bar will be subjected to an axial force (P) of 2000 lbf. The bar will be made of material that has a strength (S) of
schepotkina [342]

Answer:

n = 2.36

Explanation:

The stress experimented by the circular bar is:

\sigma = \left[\frac{2000\, lbf}{\frac{\pi}{4}\cdot (0.5\,in)^{2}}\right]\cdot \left(\frac{1\,kpsi}{1000\,psi} \right)

\sigma = 10.186\,kpsi

The safety factor is:

n = \frac{24\,kpsi}{10.186\,kpsi}

n = 2.36

5 0
3 years ago
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