Because of differences in molecular structure, the empirical formula remains different between hydrocarbons; in linear, or "straight-run" alkanes, alkenes and alkynes, the amount of bonded hydrogen lessens in alkenes and alkynes due to the "self-bonding" or catenation of carbon preventing entire saturation of the hydrocarbon by the formation of double or triple bonds.
<span>This inherent ability of hydrocarbons to bond to themselves is referred to as catenation, and allows hydrocarbon to form more complex molecules, such as cyclohexane, and in rarer cases, arenes such as benzene. This ability comes from the fact that bond character between carbon atoms is entirely non-polar, in that the distribution of electrons between the two elements is somewhat even due to the same electronegativity values of the elements (~0.30), and does not result in the formation of an electrophile.
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<span>1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 3d5</span>
C, potassium. Hope this helps.
The answer is: the distance between two nuclei is 2.35×10⁻¹⁰ m.
r(Na⁺) = 1.16×10⁻¹⁰ m; radius of sodium cation.
r(F⁻) = 1.9×10⁻¹⁰ m; radius of fluoride anion.
d(NaF) = r(Na⁺) + r(F⁻).
d(NaF) = 1.16×10⁻¹⁰ m + 1.9×10⁻¹⁰ m.
d(NaF) = 2.35×10⁻¹⁰ m; distance between two nuclei.
The sum of ionic radii of the cation and anion gives the distance between the ions in a crystal lattice.
