To determine which order of the reaction it is, first we need to calculate the rate of change of moles.
the data is as follows
time 0 40 80 120 160
moles 0.100 0.067 0.045 0.030 0.020
Q1)
for the first 40 s change of moles ;
= -d[A] / t
= - (0.067-0.100)/40s
= 8.25 x 10⁻⁴ mol/s
for the next 40 s
= -(0.045-0.067)/40
= 5.5 x 10⁻⁴ mol/s
the 40 s after that
= -(0.030-0.045)/40 s
= 3.75 x 10⁻⁴ mol/s
k - rate constant
and A is the only reactant that affects the rate of the reaction
rate = k [A]ᵇ
8.25 × 10⁻⁴ mol/s = k [0.100 mol]ᵇ ----1
5.5 x 10⁻⁴ mol/s = k [0.067 mol]ᵇ -----2
divide the 2nd equation by the 1st equation
1.5 = [1.49]ᵇ
b is almost equal to 1
Therefore this is a first order reaction
Q2)
to find out the rate constant(k), we have to first state the equation for a first order reaction.
rate = k[A]ᵇ
As A is the only reactant thats considered for the rate equation.
Since this is a first order reaction,
b = 1
therefore the reaction is
rate = k[A]
substituting the values,
8.25 x 10⁻⁴ mol/s = k [0.100 mol]
k = 8.25 x 10⁻⁴ mol/s /0.100mol
= 8.25 x 10⁻³ s⁻¹
Answer:
Neutral solution is formed.
Explanation:
When the hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide which is a strong base are combined together, it produces sodium chloride which is a salt and water. This solution is known as Neutral solution because the solution do not have the characteristics or properties of either an acid or a base. If the concentration of one of the reactant is higher as compared to another reactant so the product has the characteristics of that reactant.
You must remember that oxidation number of hydrogen in acids is always +1, oxidation number of oxygen in oxides & acids is always -2... metals has always oxidation number on plus!
group NO3 comes from HNO3...and oxidation number of whole acid group is always on minus and equal to the amount of hydrogen atoms in this acid... so oxidation number of NO3 = -1
we have 2 NO3 groups so 2*(-1) = -2 and that is the reason why oxidation number of Fe in this formula must be +2... because sum of all elements always gives 0!
Now we could count of oxidation number for nitrogen... we write HNO3 and start counting from right to left:
3*(-2) from oxygens + 1 from hydrogen = -5
so nitrogen must have +5 oxidation number... because sum all in formula must be 0.
Answer:
Mass = 2.89 g
Explanation:
Given data:
Mass of NH₄Cl = 8.939 g
Mass of Ca(OH)₂ = 7.48 g
Mass of ammonia produced = ?
Solution:
2NH₄Cl + Ca(OH)₂ → CaCl₂ + 2NH₃ + 2H₂O
Number of moles of NH₄Cl:
Number of moles = mass/molar mass
Number of moles = 8.939 g / 53.5 g/mol
Number of moles = 0.17 mol
Number of moles of Ca(OH)₂ :
Number of moles = mass/molar mass
Number of moles = 7.48 g / 74.1 g/mol
Number of moles = 0.10 mol
Now we will compare the moles of ammonia with both reactant.
NH₄Cl : NH₃
2 : 2
0.17 : 0.17
Ca(OH)₂ : NH₃
1 : 2
0.10 : 2/1×0.10 = 0.2 mol
Less number of moles of ammonia are produced by ammonium chloride it will act as limiting reactant.
Mass of ammonia:
Mass = number of moles × molar mass
Mass = 0.17 mol × 17 g/mol
Mass = 2.89 g
Answer:
Throughout the explanation section, the reason behind the given statement is described.
Explanation:
- The chemicals thus produced were indeed opposite or separate from the reaction mixture, this same reaction wouldn’t change when it's more balanced than some of the reactants.
- Another reason is that the development of advanced organisms, as well as chemical alterations, is irreversible throughout nature cant undo the chemical modifications.