Answer:
It is easy to imagine representing a narrow beam of light by a collection of parallel arrows—a bundle of rays. As the beam of light moves from one medium to another, reflects off surfaces, disperses, or comes to a focus, the bundle of rays traces the beam's progress in a simple geometrical manner.
I hope it's helpful!
Answer:
a

b

Explanation:
From the question we are told that
The diameter is 
Generally the radius electron orbit is mathematically represented as

=> 
This radius can also be represented mathematically as

Here n is the quantum number and
is the Bohr radius with a value

So

=> 
Generally the angular momentum of the electron is mathematically represented as

Here h is the Planck constant and the value is 
m is the mass of the electron with values 
So


Answer:
is the innermost layer,
has the highest air pressure
Explanation:
The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere and site of all weather on Earth. The troposphere is bonded on the top by a layer of air called the tropopause, which separates the troposphere from the stratosphere, and on bottom by the surface of the Earth.
Answer:
11025 N / m²
Explanation:
Los siguientes datos se obtuvieron de la pregunta:
Área (A) = 400 cm²
Masa (m) = 45 Kg
Aceleración por gravedad (g) = 9,8 m / s²
Presión (P) =?
A continuación, determinaremos la fuerza aplicada. Esto se puede obtener de la siguiente manera:
Masa (m) = 45 Kg
Aceleración por gravedad (g) = 9,8 m / s²
Fuerza (F) =.?
F = m × g
F = 45 × 9,8
F = 441 N
A continuación, convertiremos 400 cm² a m². Esto se puede obtener de la siguiente manera:
1 cm² = 0,0001 m²
Por lo tanto,
400 cm² = 400 cm² × 0,0001 m² / 1 cm²
400 cm² = 0,04 m²
Por tanto, 400 cm² equivalen a 0,04 m².
Finalmente, determinaremos la presión ejercida de la siguiente manera:
Área (A) = 0.04 m².
Fuerza (F) = 441 N
Presión (P) =?
P = F / A
P = 441 / 0,04
P = 11025 N / m²
Por tanto, la presión ejercida es 11025 M / m²
Answer:
The value is 
Explanation:
From the question we are told that
The volume of liquid nitrogen is 
The density of nitrogen at gaseous form is
= The dry air at sea level
Generally the density of nitrogen at liquid form is

And this is mathematically represented as

=> 
Now the density of gaseous nitrogen is

=> 
Given that the mass is constant


=> 