Correct Answer: Option C
Reason:
<span>The </span>Pauli Exclusion Principle<span> states as '<em>in an atom or molecule, no two electrons can have the same four electronic quantum numbers. Further, an orbital can contain a maximum of only two electrons, the two electrons must have opposing spins.</em>'
</span>
Thus, it can be seen that in option C, electrons in last 2 subshell have electrons with same spin, which is a violation of Pauli Exclusion Principle .
<span>We have ground strate configurations of electrons,if electrons are filled in order of increasing energy. When there are electrons are in higher orbitals, we have an atom in an excited state.
B, and C are excited states.
In B, 2 electrons can fit in the 4s orbital, and that should fill fully before the 4p orbitals.
In C, the same is true for 5s and 5p
In D, this is not an excited state because 4s fills before 3d</span>
Answer:
0.846 moles.
Explanation:
- This is a stichiometric problem.
- The balanced equation of complete combustion of butane is:
C₄H₁₀ + 6.5 O₂ → 4 CO₂ + 5 H₂O
- It is clear from the stichiometry of the balanced equation that complete combustion of 1.0 mole of butane needs 6.5 moles of O₂ to produce 4 moles of CO₂ and 5 moles of H₂O.
<u><em>Using cross multiplication:</em></u>
- 1.0 mole of C₄H₁₀ reacts with → 6.5 moles of O₂
- ??? moles of C₄H₁₀ are needed to react with → 5.5 moles of O₂
- The number of moles of C₄H₁₀ that are needed to react with 5.5 moles of O₂ = (1.0 x 5.5 moles of O₂) / (6.5 moles of O₂) = 0.846 moles.
Forming a covalent bond
A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons. Covalent bonding occurs in most non-metal elements, and in compounds formed between non-metals.
These shared electrons are found in the outer shells of the atoms. Usually each atom contributes one electron to the shared pair of electrons.
The slideshow shows how a covalent bond forms between a hydrogen atom and a chlorine atom, making hydrogen chloride.
Structures of a hydrogen atom and a chlorine atom.
1. A hydrogen atom with one electron and a chlorine atom with 17 electrons
Molecules
Most covalently bonded substances consist of small molecules. A molecule is a group of two or more atoms joined together by covalent bonds. Molecules of the same element or compound always contain the same number of atoms of each element.
The atoms in a molecule are always joined together by a covalent bond. Substances that are made up of ions do not form molecules.
Sizes of atoms and simple molecules
A small molecule contains only a few atoms, so atoms and small molecules have a similar range of sizes. They are very small, typically around 0.1 nm or 1 × 10-10 m across.
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