Answer:
D. The chemical formula
Explanation:
For example, in the compound KCl, we know that there are two elements present because you can see it in the chemical formula. We know that KCl consists of potassium and chloride ions.
What did Dalton's atomic theory contribute to science?
Dalton's atomic theory proposed that all matter was composed of atoms, indivisible and indestructible building blocks. While all atoms of an element were identical, different elements had atoms of differing size and mass.
Answer:
A. More mass
C. Shorter distance between them
Explanation:
The two characteristics of a body experiencing greater gravitational force are that they have mass and a shorter distance between them.
This is conformity with Newton's law of universal gravitation.
The law states that "every object attracts one another with a force that is directly proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them".
This law implies that the more the mass of two bodies, the more the gravitational force of attraction. And that the shorter the square of the distance between them, the more the attraction.
Answer:
- <u>Cadmium has larger atomic radius than sulfur.</u>
Explanation:
Down a period, atomic radii decrease from left to right due to the increase in the number of protons and electrons across a period: when a proton is added the pull of the electrons towards the nucleus is larger, so the size of the atom decreases.
Hence, you can compare the elements that belong to a same period and predict that the atom with lower atomic number (number of protons) will haver larger atomic radius. With that:
- Oxygen and fluorine are in the period 3, being oxygen to the left of fluorine, so oxygen is larger than fluorine.
- Sulfur and chlorine are in the period 4, being sulfur to the left of chlorine, so sulfur is larger than chlorine.
Now see whan happens down a group. Atomic radius increases from top to bottom within a group due to electron shielding. That permits you to compare the size of the elements in a group:
- Fluorine and chlorine are in the same group (17), with chlorine directly below fluorine, so the atomic radius of chlorine is larger than the atomic radius of fluorine.
- Sulfur and oxygen are in the same group (16), with sulfur directlly below oxygen, so sulfur the atomic radius of sulfur is larger than the atocmi radius of oxygen.
So far, you can rank the atomic radius of sulfur, chlorine, fluorine, and oxygen, in increasing order as:
- O < F < Cl < S, concluding that O, F, and Cl have smaller atomic radius than S.
Cadmiun, Cd, is to the left and below sulfur, so both electron shielding (down a group) and increase of the number of protons (down a period) lead to predict the cadmium has a larger atomic radius than sulfur.
