Answer:
The initial temperature is 649 K (376 °C).
The final pressure is 0.965 MPa
Explanation:
From the ideal gas equation
PV = nRT
P is the initial pressure of water = 2 MPa = 2×10^6 Pa
V is intial volume = 150 L = 150/1000 = 0.15 m^3
n is the number of moles of water in the container = mass/MW = 1000 g/18 g/mol = 55.6 mol
R is gas constant = 8.314 m^3.Pa/mol.K
T (initial temperature) = PV/nR = (2×10^6 × 0.15)/(55.6 × 8.314) = 649 K = 649 - 273 = 376 °C
From pressure law,
P1/T1 = P2/T2
P2 (final pressure) = P1T2/T1
T2 (final temperature) = 40 °C = 40 + 273 = 313 K
P1 (initial pressure) = 2 MPa
T1 (initial temperature) = 649 K
P2 = 2 × 313/649 = 0.965 MPa
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Answer:
The problem is that the pumps would consume more energy than the generators would produce.
Explanation:
Water has a potential energy associated with the height it is at. The higher it is, the higher the potential energy. When water flows down into the turbines that energy is converted to kinetic energy and then into electricity.
A pump uses electricity to add energy to the water to send it to a higher potential energy state.
Ideally no net energy woul be hgenerate or lost, because the generators would release the potential energy and pumps would store it again in the water. However the systems are not ideal, everything has an efficiency and losses. The losses would accumulate and the generator would be generating less energy than the pumps consume, so that system wastes energy.
What should be done is closing the floodgates to keep the water up in the dam at night producing only the power that is needed and releasing more water during the day.
